Psychological Research: Crash Course Psychology #2

Is there someone who really watched this video without any tests tomorrow or whenever?

I feel like I just found a gold mine with this channel

So basically: Hindsight Bias: Hindsight bias is a psychological phenomenon that allows people to convince themselves after an event that they had accurately predicted it before it. Suppose your friend starts eating the pizza that's been in the fridge for the past week and you tell him "week-old pizza cause psychedelic hallucinations" but he eats it anyway and soon start to wig out. You'd say "Dude, I told you so". But if you are wrong and he's totally fine, you probably won't even think about it ever again. This is known as 'Hindsight Bias" or the "I-Knew-It-All-Along" phenomenon. This doesn't mean the common sense is wrong, it just means that our intuitive sense more easily describes what just happened, than what will happen in the future. "We also tend to perceive order in random events, which can lead to false assumptions." For example, if you flip a coin five times you have equal chances of getting all tails as you do getting alternating heads and tails. But we see the series of five tails as something unusual, as a streak, and thus giving that result some kind of meaning that it very definitely does not have. That is why we have the methods and safe-guards of psychological research and experimentation which basically save the study of our minds from the stupidity of our minds like hindsight bias and perceiving order in random events. Steps of Psychological Research: Take for example we are researching "Can week-old pizza cause psychedelic hallucinations? Does coffee make you smarter? Or does it just make you do dumb stuff faster?" -Operationalizing the Questions: Figuring out how to ask general question about your subject and turn them into mesurable & testable propositions. -Theory & Hypothesis: Any Scientific method starts with a question and a theory is not a hunch like "a quad-shot of espresso makes you think better"). Theory is what explains and organizes lots of different observations and predicts outcomes. And when you come up with a testable prediction, that's your hypothesis. -Replication is key: Once your theory and hypothesis are in place, you need a clear and common language to report them with, so for example, defining exactly what you mean by "thinking better" with your espresso hypothesis will allow other researchers to replicate the experiment. And replication is key. You can watch a person exhibit a certain behavior once, and it won't prove very much, but if you keep getting consistent results, even as you change subjects or situations, you're probably on to something. Describing behavior without manipulating it and making connections and predictions from those findings: Describing Behavior: -Case Studies: Case studies take an in-depth look at one individual. They can be misleading because by their nature, they can't be replicated, so they run the risk of over-generalizing. However case studies are good at showing what can happen and end up framing questions for more extensive and generalizable studies. They're also often memorable and a great story telling device psychologists use to observe and describe behavior. For example, say the smell of coffee make someone anxious and irritable doesn't been that it has the same effect on everyone. In fact, the person may have terrible memories associated with that smell, and so his case is actually quite rare. But you would still have to look at lots of other cases to determine that conclusively. -Naturalistic Observation: In naturalistic observation, researchers simply watch behavior in a natural environment. The idea is to let the subjects just do their thing without trying to manipulate or control the situation. Like case studies, naturalistic observations are great at describing behavior, but they're very limited in explaining it. -Interviews & Surveys: Psychologists can also collect behavioral data using surveys or interviews, asking people to report their opinions and behaviors. While carrying out a surveys it's important -How you ask: Surveys are a great way to access consciously held attitudes and beliefs, but how to ask the questions can be tricky; subtle word choices can influence results. For example more forceful words like "ban" or "censor" may elicit different reactions than "limit" or "not allow". -Who you ask: And if how you phrase surveys is important, so is who you ask. For example the result of asking a room full of students at a pacifist club meeting what they think about arms control, be a representative measure of where students stand, because there's a pretty clear "sampling bias" at work here. To fairly represent a population, a random sample is required where all members of the target group, in this case students, had an equal chance of being selected to answer the question. So once you've described behavior with surveys, case studies, or naturalistic observation, you can start making sense out of it, and even predict future behavior. Correlation: One way to do that is to look at one trait or behavior is related to anot

These videos are amazingly structured for casual listeners, but they're very difficult to take notes from.

Gotta love that hindsight bias, my mother exhibits this A LOT.

wow, I am learning more stuff from a youtube video than the stuff I take in class

Sometimes I think he speaks like a mad scientist xD

AP students everywhere are flocking to this channel... the views on these videos skyrocket in one day... we all go into the exam with his voice echoing in our minds...

grade 10, no phycology classes available. But on YouTube? Heck I'll take a crash course!

Anyone else watching this because they are genuinely interested in it and not just because they have to?

If anyone is here for a school assignment and happens to have the same worksheet as me, here are the answers I got from the video: 1. We tend to perceive order in random events, which can lead to FALSE (1:15) assumptions 2. This is a problem with one popular type of psychological research: CASE STUDIES (3:05), which takes an in-depth look at one individual. 3. Another popular method of psychological research is NATURALISTIC (3:50) observation, where researchers simply watch behavior in a natural environment 4. Psychologists can also collect BEHAVIORAL (4:15) data using surveys or interviews, asking people to report their opinions and behaviors. 5. To fairly represent a population I'd need to get a random sample where all members of the TARGET (5:15) group 6. So once you've described behavior with surveys, case studies, or naturalistic observation, you can start making sense out of it, and even predict future BEHAVIOR (5:25) 7. Experiments allow investigators to isolate different effects by manipulating an independent variable, and keeping all other variables constant, or as constant as you can. This means that they need at least two groups: the EXPERIMENTAL (6:49) group, which is gonna be messed with, and the CONTROL (7:00) group, which is gonna get messed with 8. American Psychological Association suggests that you acquire everyone's informed CONSENT(8:45) to participate 9. What is a Placebo? INERT SUBSTANCES (7:30) 10. What does the video say is probably the best tool that you have for understanding people? SCIENCE (9:50) Hopefully this ends up helping someone other than myself! <3

I love how he's making my psychology textbook easier to understand

Am I the only one who pauses in between the introduction is every shots and tries to read them and eventually finds out about hank's trophies and albums?

1:44 "save the study of our minds from the stupidity of our minds" Quote-worthy :D

who's watching this while on quarantine (or "house arrest" just to be accurate)?

"Poor Carl."

I’m just watching this cause I’m genuinely interested in psychology and I see all the stressed students in the comments 😂

You do NOT have equal chance of getting all tails as you do getting alternating Heads or Tails. There is only 1 possible way of getting All Tails (TTTTT), and 2 possible ways of getting alternating (THTHT or HTHTH). If you merely meant that previous results won't affect future results, you're correct tho.

New psychology major, just thought I'd get a head start on things before fall 🤘🏾😭

What you describe as "green armadillo with laser beam eyes" is actually a Holomorph from Angetenar. They are shy and seldom materialize near earthlings. However they are strongly attracted by the smell of rotten mozzarella, for reasons only they know.